Heart failure in children results most commonly from a congenital heart abnormality. Congenital heart disease is the result of abnormal development of the heart, heart valves, or blood vessels near the heart. This can weaken the heart muscle and lead to heart failure. Children may not have the same symptoms or receive the same treatment for heart failure as adults.

Common symptoms of heart failure that may occur in children include:

• swelling of the legs, ankles, eyelids, face, and (occasionally) abdomen
• fast breathing during rest or exercise
• shortness of breath or labored breathing
• fatigue
• needing to take frequent rest breaks while playing
• nausea
• falling asleep when feeding or becoming too tired to eat
• lack of appetite
• weight gain, even when the appetite is poor
• cough and congestion in the lungs
• sweating

As with adults, the symptoms of heart failure may resemble other conditions or medical problems. It's important to consult with a provider about any suspicious symptoms.

The specific treatment for heart failure will be based on the child's age, overall health, medical history, and the extent of the condition. Treatment decisions will also be based on the child's expected tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies.

Medications are often helpful in treating heart failure, although medications may lose their effectiveness over time. In some cases, congenital heart defects will require surgical repair. Medications may also be used after surgery to assist the heart during healing.